Natural Selection and Multi-Level Causation
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Population Level Causation and a Unified Theory of Natural Selection
Sober (1984) presents an account of selection motivated by the view that one property can causally explain the occurrence of another only if the first plays a unique role in the causal production of the second. Sober holds that a causal property will play such a unique role if it is a population level cause of its effect, and on this basis argues that there is selection for a trait T only if T ...
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The explanatory role of natural selection is one of the long-term debates in evolutionary biology. Nevertheless, the consensus has been slippery because conceptual confusions and the absence of a unified, formal causal model that integrates different explanatory scopes of natural selection. In this study we attempt to examine two questions: (i) What can the theory of natural selection explain? ...
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We have argued elsewhere that natural selection is not a cause of evolution, and that a resolution-of-forces (or vector addition) model does not provide us with a proper understanding of how natural selection combines with other evolutionary influences. These propositions have come in for criticism recently, and here we clarify and defend them. We do so within the broad framework of our own ‘hi...
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Okasha (2006) proposed distinguishing aspects of selection: those based in particle level traits (MSL1), and those based in group level traits (MSL2). It is proposed here that MSL1 can usefully be further split into two aspects, one (MLS1 E) representing selection of particles based in their individual interaction with environmental properties, and one (MLS1 G) representing Multi Level Selectio...
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A major obstacle which limits the possibilities of a number of machine learning techniques like the genetic algorithm is the lack of mechanisms which allow for the dynamic construction of hierarchically organized solutions or artifacts. In the context of the GA, such mechanisms would require some form grouping or social behavior. Yet, this type of behavior is per definition maladaptive in the c...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Philosophy and Theory in Biology
سال: 2011
ISSN: 1949-0739
DOI: 10.3998/ptb.6959004.0003.002